"The world we have created is a product of our thinking; it cannot be changed without changing our thinking."
(Albert Einstein)
page 59, EXERCISE 1
responsive (adj): (of electronic devices) reacting to sth that has been said
e.g. Most smartphones have voice responsive virtual assistants to help users manage their diary verbally.
wearables (pl n): electronic devices that you wear or are part of your clothing
e.g. Wearables, such as smart watches, are very convenient as you can have the power of a computer on your wrist!
cryptocurrency (n): an entirely digital currency
e.g. Cryptocurrencies are a digital medium which is replacing the use of real money.
transaction (n): the act of buying products or selling services
e.g. Cashless transactions have made online shopping much faster and easier.
Der.: transactional (adj)
activism (n): a series of organised actions for a particular cause
e.g. Nowadays, digital activism is very popular; many people use the Internet to organise events for important causes.
leak (n): the disclosure of confidential information
e.g. The company's secrets were revealed by an Ιnternet leak.
Der.: leakage (n), leaky (adj)
espionage (n): the act of spying
e.g. Internet espionage has become a common form of spying in business.
initiative (n): an act to find a solution to a problem
e.g. By using carbon footprint initiatives, the company managed to reduce its emissions.
power grid (n): a network for supplying electricity in a place
e.g. More advanced power grids are being used to supply electricity to even the most isolated regions.
emission (n): the discharge of exhaust fumes
e.g. Low emission zones in the city allow the local residents to enjoy a pollution-free environment.
EXERCISE 2
sustainable (adj): carrying on without damaging the environment
e.g. Choosing to live a more sustainable life, Martin began to use environmentally-friendly products.
Der.: sustainability (n)
hassle-free (adj): without causing problems
e.g. Marion likes hassle-free shopping, so she prefers to make all her purchases online, which is faster and easier.
overconsumption (n): excessive purchases of goods and services
e.g. Overconsumption continues to be a feature in advanced societies; people have the tendency to buy things which they have no need for.
page 60, exercise 3
reform (v): to transform
e.g. Interactive e-books are set to reform learning techniques in entirely new ways.
provoke (v): to elicit
e.g. The strong words Vince said provoked an angry reaction from Mary.
Der.: provocation (n), provocative (adj)
hail (v): to praise
e.g. The wireless device was hailed as the best new piece of innovative technology on the market.
persist (with sth) (v): to continue
e.g. Bob decided to persist with his studies despite the difficulties that he had at first.
Der.: persistent (adj), persistence (n)
radical (adj): drastic
e.g. Automation has brought about radical changes in the global workforce, drastically transforming the working environment.
Der.: radicalise (v), radicalism (n)
dread (v): to fear
e.g. Samantha dreads the thought of changing schools, fearing that she will lose contact with her old friends.
Der.: dreadful (adj)
venture (n): undertaking
e.g. The new venture by the government saw a rapid decrease in road accidents.
Der.: venturesome (adj)
urge sb on (phr v): to encourage sb
e.g. Apps on smartphones use gamification as a fun way to urge users on while they are learning.
account (for sth) (v): to explain (sth)
e.g. The fact that Mark uses public transport to get to work accounts for the fact that he is sometimes late in the mornings.
Der.: accountable (adj), accountant (n), accountancy (n)
trait (n): a characteristic
e.g. Some behavioural traits, such as tardiness, can be difficult to get rid of.
receptive (to sth) (adj): open (to sth)
e.g. Andrew is very receptive to change and readily accepts new ideas.
Der.: receptiveness (n)
Opp.: unreceptive
EXERCISE 4
buzzword (n): a term popular at a certain time
e.g. In business, popular buzzwords such as 'touch base' and 'do lunch' are often used to arrange meetings.
sth rolls off the tongue (idm): sth is very easy to say
e.g. The catchy name of the product rolls off the tongue; it's so easy to say!
menial (adj): (of a task) that does not require skills
e.g. Larry often helps his mother with the household chores and other menial work.
mundane (adj): very common and uninteresting
e.g. Karen finds ironing and other mundane tasks rather uninteresting and boring.
harness (v): to make use of sth
e.g. Gamification harnesses the entertaining qualities of games and uses them in a different context.
gratification (n): satisfaction; pleasure
e.g. Computer games offer instant gratification and excitement to players.
be attuned to sth (phr): to be receptive and responsive to sth
e.g. Teenagers nowadays are naturally attuned to playing video games; they take to them very easily.
implication (n): a consequence
e.g. Virtual reality technology has lots of impressive real-world implications in education, health and professional training.
galvanise (v): to shock or stimulate sb to take action
e.g. The competitive element of the quiz galvanised students, making them want to study even more.
Der.: galvanisation (n), galvanic (adj)
immerse oneself in sth (phr): to become deeply involved in sth
e.g. When Ellen plays, she immerses herself totally in the music; nothing else matters.
shed (v): to let go of sth
e.g. Group work helps students shed their unwillingness to participate in class, as they learn to let go of their shyness.
reluctance (n): unwillingness to do sth
e.g. Brenda's reluctance to speak Spanish faded the more she tried talking to people on holiday.
compelling (adj): very exciting
e.g. The compelling nature of the game keeps fans hooked throughout the match.
law-abiding (adj): obedient to the law
e.g. Sally is a law-abiding citizen who would never litter; she knows it’s an offence.
fittingly (adv): in an appropriate way
e.g. Rather fittingly, the vandals were made to clean up their own graffiti by the police.
profound (adj): significant
e.g. Technology can help in profound areas of health, such as cancer treatment and diagnosis.
Der.: profundity (n)
self-improvement (n): an effort to make yourself a better person
e.g. Alison does yoga as a method of self-improvement and personal development.
MORE WORDS (PAGE 62 EXERC 1)
Harness (v): to make use of sth
e.g. Gamification harnesses the entertaining qualities of games and uses them in a different context.
account (for sth) (v): to explain (sth)
e.g. The fact that Mark uses public transport to get to work accounts for the fact that he is sometimes late in the mornings.
Der.: accountable (adj), accountant (n), accountancy (n)
hail (v): to praise
e.g. The wireless device was hailed as the best new piece of innovative technology on the market.
persist (with sth) (v): to continue
e.g. Bob decided to persist with his studies despite the difficulties that he had at first.
Der.: persistent (adj), persistence (n)
shed (v): to let go of sth
e.g. Group work helps students shed their unwillingness to participate in class, as they learn to let go of their shyness.
be attuned to sth (phr): to be receptive and responsive to sth
e.g. Teenagers nowadays are naturally attuned to playing video games; they take to them very easily.
provoke (v): to elicit
e.g. The strong words Vince said provoked an angry reaction from Mary.
Der.: provocation (n), provocative (adj)
galvanise (v): to shock or stimulate sb to take action
e.g. The competitive element of the quiz galvanised students, making them want to study even more.
Der.: galvanisation (n), galvanic (adj)
immerse oneself in sth (phr): to become deeply involved in sth
e.g. When Ellen plays, she immerses herself totally in the music; nothing else matters.
p 62 exerc 3
momentous (adj): very important
e.g. Graduating from college was a very significant and momentous occasion in Vanessa's life.
marginal (adj): insignificant
e.g. The improvements to the IT system were rather marginal and of little significance.
Der.: marginalise (v)
subtle (adj): slight
e.g. There was only a subtle change in the schedule, as Mary chose to make only minor alterations.
Der.: subtlety (n)
substantial (adj): considerable
e.g. The government's far-reaching proposals are believed to have substantial effects on education and health.
Opp.: insubstantial
sweeping (adj): very significant
e.g. The new working regulations will cause sweeping changes in all departments; a lot of staff will be affected.
fundamental (adj): very necessary and important
e.g. Fundamental changes are expected to be made in company spending.
Der.: fundamentalist (n/adj)
cosmetic (adj): superficial
e.g. The interior decorator made only cosmetic improvements in the hotel; nothing major was done.
minimal (adj): of the smallest degree
e.g. The slight amendments in the team's hours were so minimal that they made no difference to the overall programme.
Der.: minimise (v), minimalist (n), minimalism (n)
wholesale (adj): affecting almost everyone/everything
e.g. The firm is planning on making wholesale reforms that will drastically affect almost all its employee
EXERCISE 5
renowned (adj): very famous
e.g. The website is not only renowned for its original cooking recipes, but it is also famous for its great video clips.
predominant (adj): more common and important than similar others
e.g. Social media has become the predominant means of online interaction; few other things are as popular.
Der.: predominance (n)
obvious (adj): apparent
e.g. Mark's improvement in Maths was obvious; his progress could easily be seen in his good grades.
Der.: obviousness (n)
inevitable (adj): unavoidable
e.g. The evolution of language is inevitable; future generations always respond to their changing world.
Der.: inevitability (n)
indispensable (adj): absolutely essential
e.g. Interactive whiteboards have proved to be indispensable, as teachers consider them absolutely necessary for certain tasks.
Der.: indispensability (n)
endangered (adj): (of a species) in danger of becoming extinct
e.g. Many conservation groups are striving to prevent the extinction of endangered species.
speculate (v): to make guesses
e.g. Researchers speculated that without carbon footprint initiatives, reductions in emissions would not have been so significant.
Der.: speculation (n), speculative (adj), speculator (n)
dispute (v): to express doubts about the truth of sth
e.g. Mary disputed the view that multimedia technology may one day replace the written word; she finds it totally unfeasible.
Der.: disputable (adj), disputation (n), disputatious (adj)
confirm (v): to prove that sth is true
e.g. Researchers confirmed that social networking is already changing how people interact with others.
Der.: confirmation (n), confirmative (adj)
marginalise (v): to render sb/sth unimportant
e.g. Cashless transactions have marginalised traditional money, rendering it increasingly unimportant.
Der.: marginalisation (n)
demolish (v): to destroy sth
e.g. City planners demolished the old library to build a brand new facility.
Der.: demolition (n)
confine (v): to restrict
e.g. The study area will be confined to inner London only.
Der.: confinement (n)
draw a conclusion (phr): to decide what is true after considering all the facts
e.g. We can't draw a conclusion on the matter until we carefully consider the facts.
principle (n): a basic idea, a rule
e.g. The app uses basic gaming principles in interesting new ways to encourage learning.
result (n): a direct consequence
e.g. Mark's sales figures are the direct result of hard work and effort.
Der.: resultant (adj)
facilitate (v): to make it easier for sth to happen
e.g. The excellent resources at the university help to facilitate learning and encourage personal growth.
Der.: facilitation (n), facilitator (n)
utilise (v): to make use of sth
e.g. The Internet can be effectively utilised to give people fast access to whatever information they may need.
Der.: utilisation (n), utilisable (adj), utility (n)
refine (v): to improve (a process, a system, etc)
e.g. The company are refining the computer system to improve the next update.
Der.: refinement (n), refinery (n)
contribute (to sth) (v): to help so that sth will happen successfully
e.g. E-books have undoubtedly contributed to education; they have made learning more interesting.
Der.: contribution (n), contributory (adj), contributor (n)
comprise (v): to consist of different parts
e.g. The software program comprises a range of innovative features, including interactive displays and video content.
compile (v): to put together various pieces of information, data, etc in order to produce a list, a report, a book, etc
e.g. The design team gathered all the data and began to compile an invaluable manual to assist all future users.
Der.: compilation (n), compiler (n)
retention (n): the ability to remember sth
e.g. As Mr Davidson gets older, he finds his memory worsens; he really struggles with the retention of information.
attention (n): carefully listening to or looking at sb/sth
e.g. The children listened very carefully, paying close attention to the instructions given by their teacher.
possession (n): owning sth
e.g. John's possession of a contactless debit card made his transactions much easier.
EXERCISE 7
Appendix I – Prepositional phrases
in its infancy
highly sought after
on the brink of
stay ahead of sth
sth is up and running
EXERCISE 8
Appendix II – Phrasal verbs
figure (sth) out = to work sth out; to calculate an amount of sth
figure (sb) out = to understand sb
settle for = to accept sth (less than expected)
settle down = to start living a quiet life; to get comfortable; to become calmer
set aside = to keep sth for a special purpose
set out for = to leave one place to go to another
set out = to leave a place
set down = to record sth (e.g. rules) officially in writing
track down = to find sb/sth by following a series of clues/references
turn out = to switch off (e.g. a light); to make sb leave; (of an unexpected result) to happen; to be revealed
turn down = to reduce level of (sound, heat, etc); to refuse an offer/invitation/request, etc
turn around = to change a situation for the better; to change direction
EXERCISE 9 - WORD FORMATION
| IDENTITY | |
|---|---|
| Nouns: | identification identity |
| Adjectives: | identifiable unidentified |
| Verb: | identify |
| SOCIETY | |
|---|---|
| Nouns: | society sociologist sociology |
| Adjectives: | antisocial sociable unsociable unsocial |
| Verb: | socialise |
| Adverb: | socially |
| MEMORY | |
|---|---|
| Nouns: | memorial memory |
| Adjective: | memorable |
| Verb: | memorise |
| Adverb: | memorably |
| EXIST | |
|---|---|
| Nouns: | existence |
| Adjectives: | existing existential non-existent pre-existing |
| Verbs: | coexist exist |
| REPRESENT | |
|---|---|
| Nouns: | misrepresentation representation representative |
| Adjectives: | representative unrepresentative |
| Verbs: | misrepresent represent |
DENY | |
|---|---|
| Noun: | denial |
| Adjective: | undeniable |
| Verb: | deny |
| Adverb: | undeniably |
MARK | |
|---|---|
| Nouns: | mark marker markings |
| Adjectives: | marked unmarked |
| Verb: | mark |
| Adverb: | markedly |
| COUNT | |
|---|---|
| Nouns: | count recount |
| Adjectives: | countable countless uncountable |
| Verbs: | count recount |
No comments:
Post a Comment
Note: only a member of this blog may post a comment.